Реалізація формуючої індивідуалізації навчання монологічного мовлення учнів старших класів ліцеїв
20 – 31 You are very positive about learning English. Well done!
10 – 20 Not bad! Try to be more positive – it will help you learn better. Remember to be active in class. Don’t be afraid to speak. You can learn from your mistakes.
0 – 10 You feel a bit negative about learning English. Why? Try to find something you like about English, and practise that. You can be good, you just need time and practise.
Завдання 6. Find out what kind of attitude towards studying English you have and report what kind of activities would be useful to you as a learner.
Дані завдання можуть бути запропоновані на першому етапі формування ІС, де учні повинні усвідомити, що вони очикують від даного курсу; що таке процес навчання, і які необхідні дії для ефективного вивчення іноземної мови.
На другому етапі учням необхідно визначити, які існують стилі навчання, який стиль навчання у них уже сформувався і якому вони надають перевагу. Для цього ми пропонуємо такі завдання.
Завдання 1. Here is information about different learning styles and try to deside which of them suit you most of all. There can be not the only one.
Individual learning styles have been categorised in various ways. The classification below represent some of these ways, and we can see how learning styles link with activities.
Sensory preference
Visual learners
These learners learn best when they can see things:
they like to have things wtitten down
they respond well to pictures
they like using books and taking notes.
Auditory learners
These learners find it easier to learn when they hear explanations:
they enjoy listening to tapes or to the teacher.
they like making tape recordings of what they are learning.
Physical or kinaesthetic learners
These learners need to be actively involved in doing a task in order to learn easily:
they often like to move around and find it boring to sit still
they will probably enjoy role plays or handling physical objects.
they like a variety of classroom activity and actively participate in them.
Concrete/Abstract
Concrete learners
These learners like hands-on, practical activity:
they will learn something if it has a purpose
they enjoy games, simulations and role plays and are experimental by nature.
Abstract learners
These learners are happy with theory and may be good at thinking rationally and logically:
they enjoy ideas and learn well through books
they may be good at reading and writing and less inclined to more practical exercises.
Sequential/Random
Sequential learners
These learners are good at classifying and arranging knowledhe:
they may be very analytical, industrious and reliable.
Random learners
These learners tend to be more imaginative and intuitive:
they may come up with original ways of looking at things and new ideas.
Of course, any individual will have a mixture og chsrscteristics: it is very unusual for anyone to be a pure example of one learning style. Often people who learn best use a mixture of learning styles. You should try learning in different ways by practising lots of different activities in English class. You might find a better way to learn.
Завдання 2.
1. To check your understanding of the different learning styles and their implications, try to match the style with the kind of activity these learners typically enjoy or find easy.
Learning style
Visual
Auditory
Kinaesthetic
Concrete
Abstract
Sequential
Random
Preferred activity
listening to tapes
classifying and ordering
reading
brainstorming ideas
simulations and role play
watching films and looking at pictures
discovery learning
2. Match each to an individual student in your classes.
Навчальний стиль визначається за допомогою анкет. Так як існує багато різних класифікацій навчальних стилів, то вважаємо доцільним дати декілька завдань для визначення різних стилів учнями. Ми рекомендуємо розпочати роботу в класі з тексту анкети, перед виконанням чкої треба перевіірити її розуміння учнями. Відповіді на запитання анкети, підрахунок балів і визначення стилю учнями відбувається в класі, а з порадами, як поліпшити свій стиль навчання учні ознайомлюються вдома. Текст анкет подається в додатку (с. 11–14).
Завдання 3 a) Try the following quiz. Calculate your score and report on your learning style.
Remember that all stiles may be sometimes successful.
b) Discuss with your classmates the “results” and their possible implications for learning.
Hometask: Look through the recomendations as for your learning style. Make the list of activities useful for you.
Для підвищення мотивації навчання учням необхідно усвідомлювати для чого вони хочуть вивчати іноземну мовую аналіз власних цілей вивчення ІМ буде більш ефективним, якщо учні визначатимуть їх не з списка, запропонованого вчителем, а з власного досвіду однак не слід очікувати від учнів детального аналізу цілей вивчення ІМ на початку курсу.
Завдання 4. For effective studying, it is a good idea to think about what you need or what English for. You could analyse your needs like this
a) listen to the interview of foreign students studying English. Do you have the same needs as anyone of them?
(для слабких учнів подаються картки з ключовими словами та виризами).
b) decide on your main purpose for learning English e. g. for future work or study.
c) make a list of the specific situations where you need to use English e. g. speaking on the telephone, answering enquiries, giving information, writing business letters, reporting on the conference, telling anecdotes.
decide which skills you need for each situation: extending vocabulary, dealing with grammar, listening, speaking, reading or writing.
You should then have a better idea about ahich skills you need to work on and be able to establish your priorities.
Here is an example of how one learner analysed his needs. Stig is the Swedish Youth Hostel warden who needs English for his work. He filled in the following chart. Here is a blank chart, which you could use to analyse your own needs.
| Situations | Skills | |||||
|
Vocabulary (3) |
Grammar (3) |
Listening (3) |
Speaking (3) |
Reading (3) |
Writing (3) |
|
|
Youth Hostel Reception desk welcoming new guests giving yh information explaining regulations answering enquiries putting up notices |
3 3 3 3 3 |
3 3 |
3 |
3 3 3 3 |
3 |
| Situations | Skills | |||||
|
Vocabulary (3) |
Grammar (3) |
Listening (3) |
Speaking (3) |
Reading (3) |
Writing (3) |
|
Для того, щоб учні зрозуміли, яким навичкам слід приділяти найбільшу увагу в процесі вивчення ІМ, необхідно, щоб вони зробили самооцінку своїх умінь і навичок. Учням пропонується подивитися на приклад і зробити самоаналіз своїх умінь і виділити найбільш важливі з них.
Завдання 5. Prioritising your needs.
How much do you know/can you do already?
Stig used an assessment scale from 1 to 5:
5 = this is the standard I would like to reach – my goal.
1 = I can do very little. I am a long way from my goal.
He considered each skill that he needed and circled the number that he felt represented his position on the scale, as follows:
| х | Dealing with grammar | Listening | Speaking | Reading | Writing |
|
1 2 3 4 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
He was then able to see more clearly what he needed to improve most. Drow a blank self-assessment scale for your own use.
What are your priorities?
Stig then gave each skill a priority rating from 1 to 6:
1 = highest priority
6 = lowest priority
I thought I needed to improve my speking, but now I realise that it is mainly vocabulary that is missing. My speaking is quite good, in fact. I also realise that I need to concentrate on my listening and
writing. I can read English quite well – I don’t need to do it much, anyway.
| Skill | Priority rating |
| Extending vocabulary | 1 |
| Dealing with grammar | 4 |
| Listening | 2 |
| Speaking | 5 |
| Reading | 6 |
| Writing | 3 |
You could prioritise your own needs in the same way. If you do this, it will give you a clearer idea about which skills to concentrate on.
Для формування ІС учням необхідно давати більше відповідальності в навчанні. Для цього використовуються такі прийоми як складання іпідписання контракту між учнями і вчителем (на іноземній мові); визначення як швидко і ефективно вони навчаються; робити записи своїх результатів; планувати свої діїю з цією метою