Gymnastics
БГУФК
GYMNASTICS
ГИМНАСТИКА
Учебное пособие по английскому языку
для студентов II курса БГУФК
Минск
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Настоящее учебное пособие является уроком-темой курса “Английский язык” для студентов учебных заведений физкультурного профиля. Его цель – содействовать профессионально ориентированному обучению студентов иностранному языку (английскому): приобретению знаний терминологической лексики по теме “Гимнастика”, навыков общения в профессиональной деятельности и чтении литературы по специальности.
Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с требованиями программы по английскому языку для неязыковых вузов.
В самой сжатой форме оно охватывает всю основную терминологию по гимнастике.
При отборе лексики автор руководствовался принципом тематичности, сочетаемости, частотности употребления ее в современном английском языке. Текстовой материал знакомит студентов с основными типами соревнований по гимнастике, их программой и упражнениями; правилами судейства; историей развития гимнастики; белорусскими чемпионами Олимпийских игр по спортивной и художественной гимнастике и их достижениями.
При отборе текстового материала в качестве основного критерия служила информативная ценность текстов и их соответствие интересам студентов. Тексты взяты из оригинальных спортивных материалов.
Учебное пособие не претендует на полноту охвата всех реалий в области гимнастики, однако оно должно расширить словарный запас учащихся; активизировать знания, умения и навыки, полученные на ранних этапах изучения английского языка, за счет их тренировки в различных видах речевой деятельности.
Материал рекомендуется проходить в порядке, изложенном в пособии.
GYMNASTICS
I. Discuss with your group-mates before you read the text:
What sport is the most graceful and artistic?
II. Say in Russian:
• what you know about gymnastics competition
• how many events a men’s gymnastics competition has
• how many events a women’s gymnastics competition has
• what gymnastic equipment must be in the gymnasium
• what gymnastics equipment is used for men’s training (for women’s training).
Task I. Study the vocabulary to the text “Gymnastics” and translate the word combinations and sentences:
1. be regarded as ... считаться
e.g. Gymnastics is regarded as one of the best means of physical education.
2. compulsory a обязательный
wb
| compulsory | element |
| exercise | |
| programme | |
| education |
3. handicapped n инвалид
4. artistic gymnastics спортивная гимнастика
syn. competitive gymnastics
5. rhythmic gymnastics художественная гимнастика
6. perform v выполнять, исполнять
e.g. Each contestant performs compulsory elements.
7. performance n исполнение, результат
8. naked a обнаженный, голый
e.g. The word gymnasium comes from a Greek word meaning to exercise naked.
9. judge n судья
e.g. Judges watch each performance.
10. equipment n 1. cнаряд 2. предмет 3. оборудование
syn. apparatus
11. gymnastic equipment гимнастический снаряд
syn. apparatus
12. routine n программа (спортивная)
e.g. Gymnast’s performance is called a routine.
wb.
| compulsory | routine |
| optional | |
13. earn v заработать, получить
wb.
| earn | money |
| score |
14. balance n равновесие
15. endurance n выносливость, стойкость
16. flexibility n гибкость
e.g. Gymnastics helps develop balance, endurance, flexibility, and strength.
17. television coverage n трансляция по телевидению
18. remarkably adv значительно
Task II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions:
What is gymnastics?
Where does gymnastic competition take place?
Is gymnastics included in the programme of the Olympic Games?
Text 1. Gymnastics
Gymnastics is regarded as one of the best means of physical training.
Its exercises develop human body harmoniously and all sided and are
a compulsory element of the training in many sports.
It is one of the most graceful and artistic sports and popular all over the world. It is also used as a means of rehabilitation for handicapped.
Gymnastics is a sport in which each contestant performs acrobatic exercises on various types of gymnastic equipment. It can be divided into artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and acrobatics. Artistic gymnastics has special programmes for men and women.
Two or more teams compete in a competition, which
takes place in
a gymnasium. Gymnasium is a special room or
building for instruction and practice in physical training. The
word gymnasium comes from a Greek word meaning to exercise naked in
ancient Greece, the word was used to mean public places set aside for
athletic sports. Greek boys and young men wore no clothes when taking
part in games, in order to have freedom of bodily movement.
Men’s and women’s team have separate competitions. Judges watch each gymnast’s performance called a routine and decide what score he or she has earned. Gymnastics helps develop balance, endurance, flexibility, and strength.
Gymnastics has been a part of the Olympic Games since the modern Olympics began in 1896. During the 1970’s, world wide television coverage of the Olympics helped gymnastics grow remarkably as a spectator sport. The International Gymnastics Federation is the governing body of gymnastics.
Vocabulary, Grammar and Speech Exercises
Ex. 1. Give the nouns corresponding to these verbs:
to develop, to perform, to compete, to instruct, to practice, to decide, to help, to begin, to grow.
Ex. 2. Form adverbs from these adjectives:
harmonious, graceful, artistic, separate, remarkable.
Ex. 3. Find Russian equivalents for the following English words and word- combinations:
|
artistic gymnastics rhythmic gymnastics performance judge gymnastics equipment routine television coverage flexibility earn score compulsory |
обязательный гибкость спортивный снаряд трансляция по телевидению исполнение зарабатывать очки художественная гимнастика спортивная программа судья спортивная гимнастика |
Ex. 4. Replace the following Russian words and word-combinations by their English equivalents from the text:
1. Одно из самых
лучших средств
тренировки.
2. Всесторонне
и гармонично.
3. Обязательный
элемент. 4. Выполнять
акробатические
упражнения.
5. В гимнастическом
зале. 6. Программа
гимнаста.
7.
Зарабатывать
очки. 8. Равновесие,
гибкость,
выносливость.
9. Зрелищный
спорт. 10.
Обнаженный.
Ex. 5. Give extensive answers to the following questions:
Why is gymnastics regarded as one of the best means of physical training?
What is gymnastics?
What forms is gymnastics divided into?
Where do gymnasts compete?
What word does the word gymnasium come from?
How is each gymnast’s performance called?
What qualities does gymnastics help to develop?
Since when has gymnastics been a part of the Olympic Games?
What is the governing body of gymnastics?
Ex. 6. Some statements are not true to the fact. Correct them:
1. Gymnastic exercises develop human body harmoniously and all-sided, but they are not compulsory elements of the training in many sports.
2. It is one of the most graceful and artistic sports, but it is not popular all over the world.
3. Coaches watch each gymnast’s performance and decide what score he or she has earned.
4. Gymnastics helps to develop balance, speed, flexibility, and strength.
Ex. 7. Make up ten questions to the text using the vocabulary of the text.
Ex. 8. Describe gymnastics as a sport. Say what you know about:
• forms of gymnastics;
• how gymnastics develop human body;
• the place for practising gymnastics;
• the International Gymnastic Federation.
Task III. Study the vocabulary to text 2 “Men’s events”:
1. consist v состоять
e.g. A men’s gymnastics competition consists of six events
2. set n серия, цикл, система
a последовательный, определенный
e.g. In a set order
3. floor exercises n вольные упражнения
e.g. The floor exercises give competitors a chance to warm up.
4. pommel horse n 1. конь-махи (упражнение)
2. конь с ручками (снаряд)
e.g. The pommel horse is the equipment that is used for men’s training.
5. rings n кольца
e.g. The gymnast must be very strong to perform on the rings.
6. horse vault n опорный прыжок для мужчин
7. parallel bars n параллельные брусья
e.g. The parallel bars are used only by men.
8. horizontal bar n перекладина
syn. high bar
e.g. The horizontal or high bar produces the most exciting moments in gymnastics.
9. specialist n спортсмен, выступающий в одном или двух видах программы
10. measure v иметь размеры
e.g. The mat measures 12 metres square.
11. require v требовать
e.g. The gymnast performs a continuous series of movements that require balance, flexibility, and strength performing the floor exercises.
12. handspring n переворот прогнувшись через прямые руки (назад, вперед, боком)
e.g. Each gymnast must perform handsprings.
13. leap n прыжок
e.g. Gymnasts movements include leaps in floor exercises.
14. somersault n сальто
e.g. Somersault in the air
15. tumbling n акробатика
syn. acrobatics
e.g. Series of movements include tumbling in floor exercises.
16. pad v набивать ватой или волосом
e.g. The padded piece of equipment
17. support n поддержка, опора, упор
v поддерживать
e.g. The gymnast uses the pommels to support the weight.
18. swing n взмах, мах, раскачивание
v махать, перемахивать, делать оборот
e.g. He swings his legs
19. the scissors
n ножницы
(скрестный мах
ногами
(на коне))
e.g. The gymnast performs a movement called the scissors.
20. switch v переключать, менять
e.g. The gymnast switches the position of the legs, as he swings them from side to side.
21. frequently adv часто
e.g. The gymnast must frequently support himself with only one hand.
22. suspend v висеть, подвешивать
23. cable n канат, трос
e.g. The event is performed on two wooden rings suspended from cables.
24. grasp n хват, сжатие
v хватать, сжимать, выполнять хват
e.g. The gymnast leaps up and grasps the rings.
25. cross n крест
e.g. Azaryan’s cross.
26. extend v вытягивать, протягивать
e.g. The sportsmen extended his arms sideways.
27. upright a вертикальный, прямой
e.g. He supports himself in an upright position with his arms extended sideways.
28. remain v оставаться
e.g. The sportsman remained in the upright position.
29. motionless a неподвижный
e.g. The gymnast remained motionless.
30. resemble v быть похожим
e.g. The stand resembles the one on the pommel horse.
31. vault n опорный прыжок
v выполнять опорный прыжок
e.g. Men vault across the length of the horse.
32. approach v подходить, приближаться
e.g. He approached the parallel bars.
33. springboard n гимнастический мостик
e.g. After a running start, the gymnast jumps from a springboard.
34. twist n поворот на 360 градусов, вращение, винт
v поворачиваться, вращаться
e.g. The competitor may twist or turn before landing.
35. average n среднее число (величина)
e.g. The gymnast’s final score comes from an average of his two vaults.
36. apart adv врозь, широко, в отдельности
e.g. The parallel bars are two long wooden bars about 16.5 centimetres high and slightly more than shoulder width apart.
37. handstand n стойка на руках
e.g. The gymnast supports himself on the bars with his hands while performing handstands.
38. support swing размахивание в упоре
swing to handstand стойка на руках из упора махом назад
39. hold n хват, захват, выдержка (статический элемент)
v хватать, держать, выдерживать, фиксировать
e.g. The gymnast may perform several holding positions on the parallel bars.
40. reverse a обратный (хват, мах)
v выполнять в другую сторону, плечом назад
e.g. The competitor must reverse his position on the bar.
41. stagger v шататься
42. grip n хват (на параллельных брусьях)
43. regain v возвратить, получать обратно
e.g. On the bar the competitor releases his grip and regains while in the air.
44. dismount n соскок
v выполнять соскок
e.g. Many gymnasts finish their performance with a spectacular dismount from the bar.
45. all-around competition n соревнование по многоборью
e.g. All-around competition for men consists of six events.
46. all-around gymnastics champion n
чемпион в гимнастическом многоборье, абсолютный чемпион по гимнастике
Task IV. The men’s gymnastics competition consists of six events. Read the text and draw up the programme of a men’s gymnastics competition.
Text 2. Men’s events
There are three types of gymnastics competitions: 1) artistic gymnastics; 2) rhythmic gymnastics and 3) acrobatics. Artistic gymnastics is gymnastics without apparatus and gymnastics on apparatus.
A men’s gymnastics competition consists of six events that are
held in a set order. These events, in order of performance, are the
(1) floor exercise, (2) pommel horse, (3) rings, (4) horse vault, (5)
parallel bars, and
(6) horizontal bar. Men who compete in all six
events are called all-round gymnasts. Those who enter only one or two
events are called specialists.
The floor exercise
The floor exercise is performed on a mat that measures 12 metres square. The gymnast performs a continuous series of movements that require balance, flexibility, and strength. These movements include handsprings, leaps, somersaults in the air, and tumbling. The floor exercise must be completed in not less than 50 seconds and not more than 70 seconds. In competition all parts of the floor area and all directions should be used. Strength movements should be performed slowly and static positions must be held for at least two seconds. Somersaults should be done at shoulder height.
The pommel horse
The pommel horse, or side horse, is named after the padded piece of equipment on which this event is held. The horse measures about 165 centimetres long and about 35 centimetres wide. It has two wooden handles on top called pommels which are about 125 centimetres from the floor. The gymnast uses the pommels to support his weight entirely with his hands. He swings his legs in circles around the sides and top of the horse without stopping. He also performs a movement called the scissors, beginning with one leg on each side of the horse. He switches the positions of his legs as he swings them from side to side. He must frequently support himself with only one hand while raising the other hand to swing his legs past.
The rings
This event is performed on two wooden rings suspended from cables about 250 centimetres above the floor. The gymnast leaps up and grasps the rings and then tries to keep them motionless while performing various movements. These include handstands and complete circular swings. The athlete supports his body in various strength positions, which require exceptional power. In a movement called the cross, for example, he supports himself in an upright position with his arms extended sideways. The event also includes holding positions, which require him to remain motionsless for two seconds. The gymnast performs his routine, concluding by landing on the floor with both legs together.
The horse vault
The horse vault is performed on a stand that resembles the pommel horse but has no pommels. In this event, the gymnast vaults across the length of the horse. He approaches the horse at a run and jumps up and forward from a low springboard. He places one or both hands on the horse for support as he goes over. He may twist around in the air, do a somersault, or perform any one of several movements. Competitors must not stagger on landing. In some competitions, the gymnast vaults twice and his final score comes from an average of his two vaults. In international competition, the gymnast vaults once.
The parallel bars
In this event, the gymnast performs on two long wooden bars about 165 centimetres high and slightly more than shoulder width apart. He supports himself on the bars with his hands while performing handstands, swings, twists, and other acrobatic movements. The gymnast may perform several holding positions on the parallel bars. In each one, he must remain motionless for one or two seconds. In addition, he performs various strength movements that require great arm power and must be done slowly.
The horizontal bar
The horizontal bar event takes place on a somewhat flexible steel bar fastened about 250 centimetres above the floor between two supports. The gymnast holds the bar with one or both hands and swings around it repeatedly. He performs several acrobatic movements without coming to a full stop. During this routine, he must reverse his position, which involves a change of grip on the bar. He also must perform manoeuvres that require him to release his grip and regain it again while in the air. Many gymnasts finish this event with a spectacular dismount from the bar. They swing rapidly around the bar, let go, and twist or somersault in the air before landing on their feet.
All-around competition
All-round competition for men consists of all six events. In national and international competitions, an all-around competitor must perform a compulsory routine in each event. This routine involves a set sequence of movements. The gymnast then performs an optional routine in each of the six events, doing whatever movements he chooses. Only all-around gymnasts compete in international competition.
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
Ex. 1. Look at the pictures and name the events a